Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation Techniques with Recent Advances: A Literature Review

Abstract

Background: In the rehabilitation of atrophic posterior maxilla, factors such as age, extraction of teeth result in loss of alveolar bone height together with increased pneumatization of sinus contradicting the implant surgery. Although adequate bone height can be achieved using various maxillary sinus augmentation techniques, these procedures have been practiced successfully. However, significant complications occur such as perforations or tearing. To maintain the integrity of Schneiderian membrane subsequently increasing the success rate a retrospective analysis is carried out on various techniques with complications which occur during and after treatment.Methods: A systematic online and manual review of the literature identified articles dealing with SFE. Applying rigid inclusion criteria, screening and data abstraction were performed independently by two reviewers. The follow-up of was a minimum of 6 months. The articles selected were carefully read and data of interest were tabulated. The identified articles were analyzed regarding implant outcome, with or without graft using different surgical techniques with complication rates using random-effects Poisson regression models to obtain summary estimates/ year proportions. This article reviews various sinus lift techniques for intact elevation of Schneiderian membrane based on advanced PUBMED, Medline, Cochrane database system search of English-language literature from the year 2004 to present in order to compare and evaluate the success rate with minimal complications selecting the most suitable which can fulfill the criteria of being non-invasive, less time-consuming, more reliable and less traumatic.Result:After reviewing various sinus elevation techniques; nasal suction technique(NaSucT), balloon antral elevation technique(BAOSFE), and Hydraulic Sinus Lift technique(HySiLift) emerges as more favourable among all these and can efficiently lift the Schneiderian membrane with minimal trauma. We must emphasize that these are new techniques and cannot replace the conventional techniques as a whole.