Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences

The Existence of Gram-Negative Bacteria that do not Digest Lactose in the Feces and their Resistance to Specific Drugs

Alaa Yaqoob Rahi — 2025-04-02

The study’s objectives were to identify non-lactose fermenting Gram-negative bacteria from stool samples from many diarrheal patients and to use the disc diffusion method to perform an antibiotic sensitivity test to assess the degree of antibiotic resistance. Between December 2022 and March 2023, 100 stool samples were taken from a few patients at Al-Imam Alhasan Hospital. The MacConky agar medium was used to cultivate the samples. 77% of the bacteria were lactose-fermenting, while 22% were not. Out of 100 isolates, 18 fermented lactose. The percentages of the isolates were as follows: Pseudomonas bacteria in 4 out of 18 isolates 23%, Shigella bacteria in 2 out of 18 isolates (12.3%), Salmonella bacteria in 10 out of 18 isolates 54%, and Proteus bacteria in 2 out of 18 isolates (12.5%). The results of a sensitivity test using the diffusion method for ten antibiotics revealed that by measuring the diameter of colony growth inhibition around the antibiotic in millimeters and comparing the results to the international specifications (2020, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute), the bacteria were either sensitive (S) or resistant (R). The most inhibiting antibiotic, ciprofloxacin, was 90% inhibiting, followed by ceftriaxone at 80% and ampicillin at 15%.

The Use of Mannose-Binding Lectin as a Predictive Signal for Renal Decline in Non-Hypertensive Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Males

Israa H. Ibrahim — 2025-04-08

Introduction: Mannose-binding lectin is a macromolecule of the innate immune system that provides a third pathway of complement system activation from the protein subfamily called the collectins, it can primarily respond to pathogens that have sugar receptors on cell membranes to mediate phagocytic activity. Methods: 82 type 1 male patients were enrolled in this study as well as 21 healthy control persons, information collected from patients by questionnaire age, body mass index (BMI), duration of disease, chronic diseases, and blood collected for fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), serum creatinine, and mannan-binding lectin (MBL) measurements, and glomerular filtration rate was calculated using equation dependent on serum creatinine. Results: It shows a significant decrease in BMI in patients’ group as compared with control group; also, there was an increase in FBS, HbA1c, and MBL in patients’ groups as compared with control group. There was a positive correlation between MBL and BMI. Conclusion: We conclude that MBL was increased in patients with type 1 diabetes and may be an early sign of renal disease; also, there was an effect of obesity on the increase of MBL in those patients. Conclusion: The mannose-binding lectin may be used as an early diagnostic index for renal decline and the elevation of this protein is related to an increase in body weight.

Anterior Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment syndrome: A Case Report

R. Angel Raja Kumari — 2025-04-10

Anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES) is a usually misdiagnosed and untreated or undertreated chronic state of pain. This syndrome is described by the cutaneous branches of the lower thoracoabdominal intercostal nerves become trapped at the lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle, causing intense, frequently refractory, and persistent pain. The management strategies for ACNES include trigger point injections (diagnostic and therapeutic), ultrasound-guided blocks, and surgical neurectomy, in combination with systemic medication, as well as some newer technique such as radiofrequency ablation.