Comparative Study on Nutritional Intake and Nutritional Status of Elective Pre- and Post-operative Bariatric Surgery Patients

Abstract

Obesity is a global epidemic affecting populations worldwide. Bariatric surgery is effective in treating morbid obesity in individuals who fail to lose weight even after modifying lifestyle, dietary habits, and pharmacotherapy. To provide better health care management pre- and post-bariatric surgery, it is imperative to establish the nutritional status of patients before surgery. The aim of this study was to assess and compare pre- and post-surgery nutritional status of bariatric candidates. Obesity is the basis for cluster of non-communicable diseases creating an enormous socioeconomic and public health burden. For this, laparoscopic bariatric procedures; sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en Y Gastric Bypass, and Mini Gastric Bypass were done for treating obesity and other related co-morbidities. The medical records of 50 subjects were reviewed for this study. Mean age and body mass index are 42.2 ± 12.9 (kg/m2) and 42.77 ± 7.9 (kg/m2), respectively. The pre-surgery mean intake of energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat was 3048 ± 485.4 (kcal/d), 200.4 ± 40.1 (g/d), 101.6 ± 17.02 (g/d), and 156.09 ± 108.4 (g/d), respectively, which were above Recommended Dietary Allowances. The mean intake of energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat was significantly decreased post operatively (P > 0.001) to 1400 ± 99 (kcal/d), 132.1 ± 22.3 (g/d), 69.9 ± 3.6 (g/d), and 30.9 ± 6.4 (g/d), respectively. Low intake of fiber, Vitamin A (74%), and Vitamin C (32%) was observed during pre-operative condition. The findings in this study advocates nutritional intervention and tailored supplementation pre- and post-bariatric surgery for promising results.