Prevalence and Risk Factors of Prediabetes in Madurai City

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes is common today among people irrespective of age and as a known fact India has high prevalence of it. Preventing this growing rate of Type 2 Diabetes can be done by making prediabetes screening a mandatory measure as it poses a high risk factor. Hence, this study focuses on the prevalence and risk factors of prediabetes in Madurai City. A cross-sectional survey among people aged above 18 years was conducted and sixteen prediabetes screening centers were set up in different places in Madurai after ethical clearance. 1050 individuals volunteered with prior consent. Their demographics, anthropometric measurements, diets, physical activity, and medical history including blood pressure and venous fasting plasma glucose were collected. It was classified as prediabetes if the fasting plasma glucose was >100 mg/dl and <126 mg/dl and were not previously diagnosed with diabetes. Statistical significance for pair wise comparisons was assessed by one-way ANOVA test. Fasting blood sugar was computed with age, weight, body mass index (BMI), family history, physical activity, polycystic ovarian disease, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Chi square test was used to compare the categorical outcomes between the study groups. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. 15% were prediabetes and other contributing factors found were family history, elevated serum cholesterol levels and blood pressure, BMI, and lifestyle changes. Therefore, the study suggests that lifestyle modifications among prediabetes like strict calorie restriction, low fat and high fiber rich food with regular exercise will help prevent diabetes.