Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage and Factors Associated with Incomplete Vaccination among Healthcare Workers

Abstract

Background: Hepatitis B virus infection remains an important occupational health concern among healthcare workers (HCWs) due to their potential exposure to infected blood, body fluids, and contaminated sharps. Vaccination is an effective strategy for preventing occupational hepatitis B infection. However, incomplete vaccination may leave HCWs inadequately protected. This study assessed hepatitis B vaccination coverage and factors associated with incomplete vaccination among HCWs in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 HCWs. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics, occupational exposure, hepatitis B vaccination status, number of vaccine doses received, knowledge regarding hepatitis B vaccination, and reasons for incomplete or non-vaccination. Complete vaccination was defined as receipt of three doses of hepatitis B vaccine. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 300 HCWs, 264 (88.0%) had received at least one dose of hepatitis B vaccine, while 226 (75.3%) had completed the three-dose schedule. Overall, 74 (24.7%) participants had incomplete or no vaccination. Good knowledge regarding hepatitis B vaccination was observed among 174 (58.0%) participants. Incomplete vaccination was significantly associated with younger age (P = 0.041), professional category (P < 0.001), shorter duration of service (P = 0.002), and knowledge level (P < 0.001). The most common reasons for incomplete or non-vaccination were forgetting subsequent doses (29.7%), lack of time due to work commitments (24.3%), and inadequate awareness regarding the requirement for all three doses (16.2%). Conclusion: Although hepatitis B vaccination uptake was relatively high, completion of the recommended vaccination schedule remained suboptimal. Institutional vaccination programs, timely reminders, proper documentation, and targeted educational interventions may help improve completion of hepatitis B vaccination among HCWs.