Prevalence and Determinants of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy among Adult Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-sectional Study at a Tertiary Outpatient Department in Gwalior

Abstract

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), leading to disability, foot ulcers, and amputations. Despite its burden, DPN remains underdiagnosed in routine practice in India. Objective: To estimate the prevalence and identify determinants of DPN among adult T2DM patients attending outpatient services at JA Group of Hospitals, Gwalior. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 adult T2DM patients (aged 18–64 years, ≥1 year duration of diabetes). Consecutive sampling was used. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument, anthropometry, and recent laboratory results. Statistical analysis included Chi-square test and binary logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of DPN was 32% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 25–39%). Significant determinants included smoking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.8, 95% CI 1.4–5.5), duration of diabetes >5 years (AOR 2.7, 95% CI 1.5–4.9), hyperglycemia >200 mg/dL (AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2–4.5), and unemployment (AOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0–3.6). Conclusion: Nearly one-third of T2DM patients suffer from DPN. Modifiable risk factors highlight the need for early screening, lifestyle interventions, and patient counseling.