How can immunotherapy be used to target Amyloid Beta for treating Alzheimer Disease?

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease are characterized by the build-up amyloid beta plaques resulting in non-regenerative nerve cell death. The nerve cell death causes limited brain activity, that triggers damage to cognitive and memory. Currently, no therapy for Alzheimer's disease is available and patients are treated for alleviating the symptoms. One of the suitable options could be antibody immunotherapy.The aim of this review to discuss antibody immunotherapy for the removal of amyloid beta plaques. The monoclonal antibodies bind amyloid beta plaques. This interaction leads to the activation of microglia in the nerve tissue and cleaning of deposits. The process of cleaning of amyloid deposits halts the brain damage, declines death of nerve tissue to maintain synaptic integrity of the brain. Immunotherapy leads a promising approach as a treatment option for Alzheimer’s disease because it targets the key mechanism by which nerve damage is being caused. However, with the limitation of monoclonal antibodies in order to cross the blood-brain barrier, the immunotherapy remains the key factor in making a viable treatment for patients with Alzheimer's disease. Although, there are methods been tested to increasethe absorption of monoclonal antibodies through the blood-brain barrier.