An evaluation of the addition of Dexmedetomidine to Levobupivacaine for supraclavicular brachial plexus block in upper limb orthopaedic surgeries

Abstract

Background and objectives: Adjuncts to local anaesthetics for brachial plexus block may enhance the quality and duration of analgesia. Dexmedetomidine, a selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist, has been used as an adjuvant during regional and local anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of dexmedetomidine added to Levobupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Methods: A prospective, randomized, single blinded pilot study was conducted on 40 ASA I or II adult patients undergoing upper limb orthopaedic surgeries under supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in Group L(n = 20) were administered 29mL of 0.5% Levobupivacaine plus 1 ml NS and group LD (n=20) were given 29 ml of 0.5% levobupivacaine with dexmedetomidine 1µg/kg. The onset time and duration of sensory and motor blockade were recorded. Results: The onset of sensory and motor block was significantly faster in Group LD compared to Group L (P < 0.05). Rescue analgesic requirements were significantly less in Group LD compared to Group L (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine(1µg/kg) in combination with 29mL of levobupivacaine (0.5%) hastened onset of sensory and motor block . and improved postoperative analgesia when used in brachial plexus block, without producing any adverse events.