Development of hypertension due to inability of kidney to excrete excess sodium ions (Na+ ) and water in salt-sensitive people: a population based study

Abstract

Background: The main aim of this study is to investigate the role of salt in the development of hypertension in people who are unable to excrete excess amount of salt and water through urine. Materials and methods: We studied serum and urine samples and others parameters like blood pressure, weight, height, age, physical activity, waist, hip, sociodemographics etc. regarding hypertension from 114 selected people out of 2,453 members of households of study areas to find out the exact cause of salt-induced hypertension due to inability of kidneys within the studied people. Results: Now-a-days, we take average 9-15g salt with diet that ultimately leads to the development of hypertension. The salt-induced hypertension is mainly due to inability of kidney to excrete excess sodium ions (Na+ ) and water through urine. Some people does not show raised blood pressure although they take high amount of salt in their diet and it is possibly due to ability of their kidney to excrete high salt and fluid at normal level. Their blood pressure is increased when they take high (≥10.0g/day) amount of salt for a long time. Here salt-induced hypertensive group is said to be salt-sensitive. Whose blood pressure does not rise with salt intake is called salt-resistant group. Conclusion: From this study it is found that more than 5.0g salt intake per day exerts harmful effects on kidneys and cardiovascular system in low kidney capacity people. The salt resistant people can tolerate medium salt (<10.0g/day) intake per day due to their high kidney capacity to excrete excess salt and water through urine, but long time high salt intake (>10.0g/day) leads to hypertension in this people. .