Phytochemical Characterization of Mundulea sericea Leaf Extracts and Analysis of Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities

Abstract

Many developing countries are focusing on the plant-based drug for various human diseases for less or no side effects, low cost and are easily available. Hence, we need to find the new phytochemicals and their biological activities. For this reason, the present study was designed to screen the phytochemical constituents of various solvent-based leaf extracts of Mundulea sericea for antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Through preliminary phytochemical qualitative screening, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) spectrum analysis with standard procedures, phytochemical analysis of M. sericea leaf hexane (MSLH), M. sericea leaf petroleum ether (MSLPE), M. sericea leaf chloroform (MSLC), M. sericea leaf ethyl acetate (MSLEA), M. sericea leaf ethanol (MSLE), M. sericea leaf methanol (MSLM) extracts was studied. Further, MSLE extract was examined for free radical scavenging of DPPH, ABTS, nitric oxide, and hydrogen peroxide antioxidant methods and also evaluated antidiabetic activity by α-amylase and α-glucosidase assays. As a result of the phytochemical analysis, several phytochemical compounds were identified. Among the extracts, MSLE and MSLM extracts contain more secondary metabolites than other extracts. Furthermore, those secondary metabolites chemical compound constituents were identified through FTIR and GC–MS spectrum analysis. At a higher concentration, MSLE extract showed good antioxidant activity which is similar to the one found in standard antioxidant tests. The maximum antioxidant activity was reported in nitric oxide (79.37%) at 250 μg/ml concentration. Furthermore, MSLE extracts were showed good antidiabetic activity in α-glucosidase (70.70%) at 500 μg/ml concentration. As per the study, MSLE extract has effective phytochemical constituents and also acts as a novel antioxidant and antidiabetic activity. Further, investigation is needed to confirm ethanol extract as a novel therapeutic drug.